Bioclimatic
House
Location: Niš, Serbia
Authors: Jelena Đorđević, Komšo Marta, Dragana Kocić
When we are designing this passive house we were strictly paying attention of the orientation of the house, as one of the basic requirements. The house is situated to the south so that the facade received a direct operation of solar radiation. Deviation from pure south is only 20 ° east and 30 ° west. For these specified tolerances, the house will receive only 10% less energy of the energy that the building would be received if it was strictly oriented to the south.
Direct absorption of solar radiation is the simplest form of passive space heating techniques. Direct sunlight through the windows on the south side of the house and on the southwest side also, through the windows and through the Thrombi wall. Direct influence of the sunlight, the space is heating, while elements of the house accumulate heat and during the night house submission them to the environment.
The function and layout of the house emerged as a logical sequence, which dictate the terrain, orientation and winds. The house is divided into two basic cube which are located at different heights, so that the decrease in brightness of the sun or advantageous. Linking these two cube is made communications that are glazed, and that make the house very interesting form. The first cube is enter, and its oriented to the northwest, and in it there are block for maid, kitchen and garage. By the same vertical in the buried part is a location of gym with dressing rooms and technical rooms. In that part of the house is the smallest drop in brightness. Other cube with Southeast orientation belongs to the premises where the people are most of the time. The upper floor, which have the best sunlight position and the Tromb wall has a beautiful view is a function of the living room. The ground floor is given to a block of sleeping rooms for the parents and children. From the bedroom block is enable the exit to the garden with swimming pool and other facilities dedicated to recreation.
Self-Heating ecological house is fundamentally different from the classical house, primarily due to a completely new concept of heating - increasing direct solar radiation and maximum utilization of energy. A key feature of passive, self-Heating house is to apply high standards in terms of requests for the necessary thermal insulation. In this way the heat loss through the building envelope significantly reduced, which reduces the need for heating. In addition to the high standards that are applied when calculating thermal insulation, other applied elements of passive houses are: the correct orientation of the house, windows, thermal curtains, the Thrombi wall, ventilation and a green roof.
Passive houses have a continuous supply of fresh air, optimized to ensure comfort. The flow of fresh air precisely regulated in order to put in the required amount of air in a natural way. Special attention is given to the windows with triple layers, which faces the south. Total losses of the energy through the windows amounts to 50% of the heat loss of the facilities which is about ten times more than of the heat loss through walls, and because of that it is clear why is window energy efficiency is important in the total energy needs of the building. The windows are set up to absorb the radiation of low winter sun. Windows also exposed to the sun using 60-75% of solar energy.
